Trotsky was expelled from the Communist Party and deported from the Soviet Union in the Great Purge. He became an enemy of the State and was erased from Soviet history after leading the failed struggle of the Left Opposition against the policies and rise of Joseph Stalin in the 1920s and the increasing bureaucratization of the Soviet Union. He was also among the first members of the Politburo. He was an influential politician in the early days of the Soviet Union, first as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs and later as the founder and commander of the Red Army and People's Commissar of War. Leon Trotsky ( Russian: Лeв Давидович Трóцкий) was a Ukrainian-born ethnically-Jewish Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. Under Yezhov, the purges reached their height, with roughly half of the Soviet political and military establishment being imprisoned or shot, along with hundreds of thousands of others, suspected of disloyalty or " wrecking." Yezhov was blamed for these "excesses" and on April 10, 1939, he was arrested. He became People's Commissar for Internal Affairs (head of the NKVD) and a member of the Presidium Central Executive Committee on September 26, 1936. In 1935 he wrote a paper in which he argued that political opposition must eventually lead to violence and terrorism this became in part the ideological basis of the Purges.
From February 1935 to March 1939 he was also the Chairman of the Central Commission for Party Control. After February 1922, he worked in the political system, rising in 1935 to the Central Committee of the Communist Party in the next year he became a secretary of the Central Committee. During the Russian Civil War (1919–1921), he fought in the Red Army. He joined the Bolsheviks on May 5, 1917, in Vitebsk, a few months before the October Revolution. Yezhov was born in Saint Petersburg on May 1, 1895, and from 1915 to 1917 Yezhov served in the Tsarist Russian Army. In addition to the anti-pornographic law, such smuggling was prohibited by legal provisions giving the Soviet state the exclusive right to conduct foreign economic trade.Ĭensorship of historical photographs The War Commissar Pornographic images and videotapes were smuggled into the Soviet Union for illegal distribution. While nude shots appeared in a number of Soviet films before the glasnost reform of the 1980s, the 1988 film Little Vera was the first to include an explicit sex scene.
Redacted photo code#
Soviet law prohibited the creation and distribution of pornography under Article 228 of the criminal code of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and analogous legislation adopted by other republics of the Soviet Union. 2.5 Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working ClassĬensorship of pornographic images.
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